International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design & Manufacturing 

Volume 12, Number 1, 2004

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Contents
Contents 

THE STRATEGIES OF REMANUFACTURING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 
CONCENTRATED AT LEASING OR SELLING CASES, A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA, by HANAFIAH, LIAN-YI CHEN, HIROHISA NARITA, HIDEO FUJIMOTO

    This paper presents models for remanufacturing that would be applicable in both developed and developing countries. The evaluation function is the total life cycle cost of the product and the scenario considered are product take-back for remanufacturing in leasing or selling conditions. Uncertainty in return of products is incorporated in the model for selling. The model further incorporates the repairing system that is available at low cost in most of the developing countries. Besides in order to reflect the customer behavior towards remanufactured products, demand of old and new products are considered separately. Simulation has been carried out based on the model and the data created close to the scenario that is happen in the day’s activity. The behavior of the decision related to leasing or selling has been discussed. It has been found that at high demand of old products, reality in developing countries, leasing become more cost effective than selling.

Keywords: Remanufacturing, Reuse, Recycle

STEEL PLATES PRE-PROCESSING: IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES, by ANTONIO C. CAPUTO, MARIO PALUMBO, PACIFICO M. PELAGAGGE AND FEDERICA SCACCHIA

     In the paper the reengineering of the manufacturing process for producing monotubular metal poles is discussed under an environmentally conscious manufacturing perspective. A critical issue is the low efficiency of raw materials pre-processing phases, which are not integrated in the main manufacturing cycle and are generally outsourced to dedicated third parties (service centers - SC), interposed between the steel mills and the final products manufacturers. The SC supply pre-shaped semi-manufactured products characterized by a poor finishing degree and low quality level, owing to the low technologies adopted. This imposes additional finishing at the manufacturer’s site which interrupts the main manufacturing cycle and the otherwise smooth and automated material flow, introducing low added value but polluting and high energy consuming activities (edge trimming and preparation, drilling, slotting and marking). Apart from a productivity reduction, the environmental performances are also degraded owing to increased scrap levels and the number of difficult to control separate point sources of air pollution distributed along the entire process, not to mention the added road traffic and related emissions coming from trucks moving plates to and from the SC. A redesigned integrated manufacturing system has been proposed where all preprocessing and finishing operations, previously carried out at different sites and at different steps of the manufacturing process, are performed on line directly on the raw plate coming from the steel mill before its final bending and welding into the finished product in a controlled environment. The project has been implemented, with an investment cost of about 8 millions Euro. As a result, a significant increase of process efficiency, productivity and quality level is obtained. Furthermore, a greater environmental sustainability results through the minimization of air and waste pollution emissions, the adoption of material recovery practices, drastic scrap reduction and energy saving.

KEYWORDS: Metal poles and masts manufacturing, plate metal working, process reengineering, submerged plasma cutting.

RADIOLYSIS OF REACTIVE AZO DYES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONE, by AGUSTIN N.M.BAGYO, WINARTI ANDAYANI, HENDIG WINARNO, AND ERMIN KATRIN

    The effects of radiation on aerated reactive dye solutions have been studied. The uv-vis observations of solutions were absorbed before and after irradiation. HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the products of degradation. Oxalic acid was the main degradation product and small amount of succinic acid was also detected. Less effective degradation at higher pH might be caused by any structural changes of the azo compound. 

Key words : radiolysis, reactive azo dyes