International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design & Manufacturing 

Volume 12, Number 4, 2004-05

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Contents
Contents 

RADIATION-INDUCED DEGRADATION OF PIRIMIPHOS METHYL IN AERATED SOLUTION, by HENDIG WINARNO, AGUSTIN N. M. BAGYO, WINARTI A. LINDU, AND ERMIN K. WINARNO

    RADIATION-INDUCED DEGRADATION OF PIRIMIPHOS METHYL IN AERATED SOLUTION. Degradation of pirimiphos methyl insecticide (1) as Minawet 250 EC formulation in aqueous solution was studied. The absorbance, pH, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in aerated solution, and the analyses of degradation products at various irradiation doses with dose rate of 5 kGy/h were observed. The absorbance decreased rapidly at acid pH (pH 3.6), while at high doses (> 10 kGy) decreased slowly. The optimum irradiation dose for pirimiphos methyl degradation in aerated solution was found to be 15 kGy at pH 3.6. At that condition, more than 99% of pirimiphos methyl has been degraded and the COD of solution decreased about 82%. The analysis of irradiated samples by GC-MS and HPLC showed that 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine (3) and oxalic acid were clarified as degraded products.

Keywords: pirimiphos methyl, 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine, oxalic acid, degradation, COD.

GREEN QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: A METHODOLOGY FOR INTEGRATING CUSTOMER, COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN PRODUCT DESIGN, by M. D. BOVEA AND B. WANG

   Environmental impacts of industrial activities and consumer demands for environmentally sound products have forced manufacturers to consider the environmental compatibility of their products during the development process. To produce a more ecologically friendly product, environmental requirements must be considered during the conceptual design phase, where less costly changes are possible. Incorporating changes later in the process often proves too expensive. To select the best alternative design, customers, costs and environmental criteria must be taken into account during the decision making process. The Green Quality Function Deployment (G-QFD) provides a useful methodology to integrate all these requirements.

   The starting point of the G-QFD methodology is setting the design alternatives being analyzed. Phase I: Design alternatives analysis consists of evaluating each design alternative from the customer, cost and environmental perspective. From each independent viewpoint, each alternative receives a punctuation. To obtain the best design alternative that integrates all these criteria simultaneously, a multi-criteria decision making process is applied in Phase II: Selection of the best design alternative.

In this paper, the G-QFD methodology is presented and applied to the furniture industry to help a design team concurrently consider the customers’ needs, cost factors and environmental performance of products early in the design process, thereby reducing developmental time and cost.